IEC 61850 is the new international communication standard for substations. The main goal of 61850 is to obtain interoperability between different protective devices from different vendors. IEC 61850 ...

Testing relays is both an art and a science. As relay technicians inevitably learn in the field, pure theory-based understanding of protective relays is not nearly enough for the real-world situations ...

Interface relays connect computers and PLC logic devices to machines. But conventional block, modular terminal strips, and socket I/O relays are difficult to modify, and require hours of downtime for ...

The cost of component failures continues to increase as electronic products become more complex. Most component replacement costs are associated with marginal devices that become intermittent or fail ...

Relays are electromechanical devices that use a magnetic solenoid to actual a switch. When current is passed through the solenoid coil, it produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field is strengthened ...

Testing verifies that protection schemes meet their intended purpose, ensuring safety and system integrity. Function testing involves manual or electrical manipulation of components to confirm signal ...

Relays are common electromechanical devices in electrical circuits that come in two types: either latched or non-latched. Latched relays retain their last switch position even after complete power ...